ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the characteristics of surface electromyography (sEMG) of flat foot in lower extremity muscles when walking flat and stairs. Methods:From March to June, 2019, 20 male subjects (10 with normal feet, 10 with flat feet) were recruited to use sEMG system of Noraxon to collect the average amplitude and integral electromyography of sEMG of tibialis anterio (TA), medialis gastrocnemius (MG), lateralis gastrocnemius (LG), rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) during the flat ground walking and the stair walking. Results:As ascending stairs, the average amplitudes of TA, RF and BF of flat feet were higher than that of normal feet (|t| > 2.461, P < 0.05); as descending stairs, the average amplitude of MG of flat feet was higher (t = -1.976, P < 0.05), and the average amplitude of BF of flat feet was lower than that of normal feet (t = 2.298, P < 0.05). Compared with ground walking, the average amplitudes of TA, RF and BF of flat feet increased when ascending stairs (|t| > 2.257, P < 0.05), and the average amplitudes of RF and BF increased when descending stairs (|t| > 2.630, P < 0.05). As ascending stairs, the integral electromyography of TA, MG, LG, RF and BF of flat feet was higher than that of normal feet (|t| > 2.492, P < 0.01); as descending stairs, the integral electromyography of MG of flat feet was higher (t = -5.271, P < 0.05), and the integral electromyography of BF was lower (t = 2.685, P < 0.05) than that of normal feet. Compared with ground walking, the integral electromyography of TA, MG, LG and BF increased when ascending stairs (|t| > 2.088, P < 0.05), and the integral electromyography of TA, LG and RF decreased when descending stairs (t > 2.059, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The lower extremities muscles of flat foot compensate for the excessive rotation of the joint when walking stairs.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the diagnostic value of multiple reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detecting different fusion genes in children with primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 80 children with ALL treated in the 2 affiliated hospital of Xi'an Medical College from September 2012 to September 2017 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Immunophenotype, chromosome karyotype and fusion gene were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Immunophenotyping showed that there were 2 cases of mixed expression of myeloid + B system, 2 cases with pre- B expression, 58 cases with former B expression, 11 cases with CD13 combined with pre- B expression, 4 cases with CD5 combined with pre- B expression, and 3 cases with CD2 combined with pre- B expression. The results of chromosome karyotype analysis showed that among 72 cases of karyotype analysts 5 cases could not be analyzed, 27 cases were determined to be normal karyotype, 11 cases with abnormal karyotype and 29 cases without mitotic phase. Six fusion genes were expressed in 30 cases (37.50%) of 80 ALL children, including MLL/AF9, CBF/MYH 11, BCR/ABL, TLS/ERG, MLL/ENL and TEL/AML1. Among the 3 cases with MLL/AF9 fusion gene expression [t(9;11)], 2 cases showed a poor response to early treatment, but achieved complete remission after intensive chemotherapy, and 1 case accepted bone marrow transplantation; in 1 case with CBF/MYH 11 fusion gene expression, treatment was abandoned by family members, and 4 cases with BCR/ABL fusion gene expression [t (9;22) (q34; q11)] were all showed poor response to early treatment, and achieved complete remission after intensive chemotherapy. All the fusion genes were positive during remission, including 2 cases of bone marrow transplantation; 1 case with TLS/ERG fusion gene expression [t (16;21)] displayed poor response to early treatment, and completely remitted after intensive chemotherapy; 2 cases with MLL/ENL fusion gene expression [t (11;19)] recurred during chemotherapy; 19 cases with TEL/AML1 fusion gene expression [t (12;21)] also achieved complete remission. 4 cases achieved a partial remission.@*CONCLUSION@#Genotyping can make up for the insufficiency of MICM typing, and multiplex RT-PCR can be used to rapidly detect the fusion genes caused by chromosomal aberration in children with ALL.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Chromosome Aberrations , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell , Genetics , MicroRNAs , Genetics , Oncogene Proteins, Fusion , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Neuroglobin(NGB),widely and specially expressed in neurons of various vertebrates,was reported to be a scavenger of reactive oxygen species and/or a stress-responsive sensor for neuroprotection of hypoxic and ischemic insults.However,the underlying mechanism remained unknown.It is important for the functional study of NGB by preparing the protein samples.To address it,the human neuroglobin cDNA fragment was amplified by RT-PCR from human fetus brain and cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pBV220,and then transformed into E.coli HB101 cells for expression.The expressed protein was purified by gel filtration and anion exchange column followed with SDS-PAGE and Western blot identification,and then desalting by sephadex G-25 medium.The prepared neuroglobin was further identified by mass spectrometry and N-terminal amino acid sequencing analysis.The expressed bacterium,the lysate supernatant and the purified protein samples had visible red color,showing a typical activity of the globin family proteins.In conclusion,the neuroglobin was not only expressed in soluble form with high-efficiency in E.coli,but could also be easily purified with only two steps.The preparation of the NGB proteins will advance the neuroprotective function and mechanism studies of the novel globin.